Macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss in older adults, affecting millions of people across the United States. While it is a single condition, macular degeneration comes in two distinct forms: dry and wet. Understanding the differences between them is key to early detection, proper treatment, and managing long-term vision health.
What Is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration is an eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. The condition causes the macula to deteriorate, leading to blurry or distorted central vision. It typically develops as part of the aging process, which is why it's commonly known as age-related macular degeneration or AMD.
Dry Macular Degeneration
Dry macular degeneration is the more common form, accounting for roughly 80 to 90 percent of all AMD cases. It develops gradually over time as the macula thins and small yellow deposits called drusen build up under the retina.
Symptoms of Dry AMD
-
Blurry or fuzzy central vision
-
Difficulty recognizing faces
-
Increased need for bright light when reading
-
Trouble adapting to low light levels
Dry AMD typically progresses slowly. However, it can still lead to significant vision loss over time if left unmonitored.
Wet Macular Degeneration
Wet macular degeneration is less common but far more aggressive. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, which can scar the macula and cause rapid vision loss.
Symptoms of Wet AMD
-
Sudden changes in vision
-
Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
-
Dark or blind spots in the center of vision
-
Rapid worsening of central vision
Wet AMD requires immediate medical attention. Early treatment can help slow the progression and, in some cases, improve vision.
How Are They Diagnosed?
Both forms of macular degeneration are diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. Your eye care provider may use tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography to evaluate the health of the retina and identify signs of fluid or blood leakage.
Routine eye exams are essential, especially for individuals over the age of 60 or those with a family history of AMD.
Treatment Options
Currently, there is no cure for either form of macular degeneration, but treatments can help slow the progression and manage symptoms.
For Dry AMD
-
Lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and quitting smoking
-
Nutritional supplements containing vitamins C and E, zinc, copper, and lutein
-
Regular monitoring to catch any signs of progression to wet AMD
For Wet AMD
-
Anti-VEGF injections to stop abnormal blood vessel growth
-
Laser therapy in some cases
-
Ongoing monitoring and treatment adjustments based on progression
The Importance of Early Detection
The earlier macular degeneration is diagnosed, the better the chances of preserving vision. If you notice changes in your central vision or have concerns about your eye health, schedule an exam with an ophthalmologist right away.
Expert Eye Care at Grand Traverse Ophthalmology Clinic
At Grand Traverse Ophthalmology Clinic, we provide comprehensive care for patients with all forms of macular degeneration. Our experienced team offers advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans to help manage your condition and protect your vision.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with AMD or are experiencing symptoms, contact us today to schedule an appointment.